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Edited by
David Clark, University Lecturer, School of English, University of Leicester,Nicholas Perkins, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford
Edited by
David Clark, University Lecturer, School of English, University of Leicester,Nicholas Perkins, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford
Edited by
David Clark, University Lecturer, School of English, University of Leicester,Nicholas Perkins, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford
Edited by
David Clark, University Lecturer, School of English, University of Leicester,Nicholas Perkins, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford
Edited by
David Clark, University Lecturer, School of English, University of Leicester,Nicholas Perkins, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford
An excellent collection... breaks new ground in many areas. Should make a substantial impact on the discussion of the contemporary influence of Anglo-Saxon Culture. Conor McCarthy, author of Seamus Heaney and the Medieval Imagination
Britain's pre-Conquest past and its culture continues to fascinate modern writers and artists. From Henry Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Reader to Seamus Heaney's Beowulf, and from high modernism to the musclebound heroes of comic book and Hollywood, Anglo-Saxon England has been a powerful and often unexpected source of inspiration, antagonism, and reflection. The essays here engage with the ways in which the Anglo-Saxons and their literature have been received, confronted, and re-envisioned in the modern imagination. They offer fresh insights on established figures, such as W.H. Auden, J.R.R. Tolkien, and David Jones, and on contemporary writers such as Geoffrey Hill, Peter Reading, P.D. James, and Heaney. They explore the interaction between text, image and landscape in medieval and modern books, the recasting of mythic figures such as Wayland Smith, and the metamorphosis of Beowulf into Grendel - as a novel and as grand opera. The early medieval emerges not simply as a site of nostalgia or anxiety in modern revisions, but instead provides a vital arena for creativity, pleasure, and artistic experiment.
Contributors: Bernard O'Donoghue, Chris Jones, Mark Atherton, Maria Artamonova, Anna Johnson, Clare A. Lees, Sian Echard, Catherine A.M. Clarke, Maria Sachiko Cecire, Allen J. Frantzen, John Halbrooks, Hannah J. Crawforth, Joshua Davies, Rebecca Anne Barr
Edited by
David Clark, University Lecturer, School of English, University of Leicester,Nicholas Perkins, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford
Edited by
David Clark, University Lecturer, School of English, University of Leicester,Nicholas Perkins, Associate Professor and Tutor in English, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford
Epidemiological evidence has suggested that the declining prevalence of duodenal ulcer disease may be attributable to rising consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, a hypothesis supported by in vitro evidence of toxicity of such substances to Helicobacter pylori. The objective of the present study was to establish whether this association is causal. Forty patients with proven infection with H. pylori and endoscopic evidence of past or present duodenal ulcer disease were randomized to receive either polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA group), in the form of capsules and margarine, or a placebo (control). Both groups received concurrent H2 antagonist therapy. Efficacy of therapy was determined endoscopically by assessment of ulcer healing while H. pylori status was determined by antral biopsy, urease (EC 3.5.1.5) culture and histological assessment of the severity of H. pylori infection. Antral levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were quantified. Compliance was monitored. Before treatment, both groups were comparable for severity of H. pylori infection, smoking status and levels of LTB4 and PGE2. Despite a significant difference in consumption of linoleic acid (19.9 (se) 1.6) g for PUFA group ν. 6.7 (se 0.8) g for controls (P < 0.01) and linolenic acid (2.6 (se) 0.2) g ν. 0.6 (se 0.03) g (P < 0.01) there was no significant change in either the severity of H. pylori infection or prostaglandin levels in either group at 6 weeks. Consumption of a considerable amount of PUFA does not inhibit the colonization of the stomach by H. pylori nor does this alter the inflammatory changes characteristic of H. pylori gastritis. We conclude that the association between duodenal ulceration and a low level of dietary PUFA is likely to be spurious, probably reflecting the effect of confounding factors such as affluence, social class or smoking.
Detailed information on the timing of terminal spikelet formation,
anthesis, maturity and the rate of
leaf appearance is crucial to the predictive accuracy of the
AFRCWHEAT2 growth simulation model
for wheat. To obtain appropriate data under different growing
conditions for two spring wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (cvs Minaret and Canon),
a main field experiment was conducted
comprising eight sowing dates between mid-March and late June 1994;
data from single sowings of
Minaret in 1992 and 1995 were also included in the analysis. Minaret is
the focus of a major European
study of the impact of climate change factors on the growth and development
of wheat, and data of the type reported here were essential to support
the modelling
aspects of the project involving AFRCWHEAT2.
The accumulated thermal time from emergence to critical developmental
stages was similar for all
sowings of both cultivars, even though biomass was greatly reduced in
the later sowings. Although
final leaf numbers were comparable for all sowing dates, the rate of
leaf appearance was correlated
with the rate of change of day length at crop emergence in Minaret. The
unmodified AFRCWHEAT2
model did not predict the timing of critical growth stages and leaf numbers
well, but removal of the
vernalization and photoperiod factors from the developmental sub-model
greatly improved the
accuracy of such predictions. These results strongly suggest that fixed
quantities of thermal time may
be employed successfully to predict the timing of critical developmental
stages of these spring wheat
cultivars over a range of sowing dates, geographic locations and
climatic conditions, since
development appeared to be a linear function of temperature.
Despite removing the photoperiod and vernalization functions, the
model consistently over-predicted final leaf number because
leaf production by the model continued until 1·8 phyllochrons
before anthesis, as compared to the three phyllochrons actually
recorded for Minaret. AFRCWHEAT2
could therefore be further modified to reproduce more accurately
the smaller number of leaves typical of these spring cultivars.
1. Caloreen, a glucose-polymer dextrin infused into human volunteers, although producing a clear increase in total plasma carbohydrate did not produce a satisfactory increase in plasma glucose levels or serum insulin levels.
2. Urinary losses were high and although small fragments of the dextrin (suggesting metabolic breakdown of the dextrin) were demonstrated in the urine, no suppression of plasma free fatty acid, glucagon or immediate increase in the respiratory quotient were noted, suggesting that the metabolism is too slow to make it useful for parenteral nutrition in its present form.
3. A dextrin with fewer branch-links might be more suitable.
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